一、Nginx安装（略）
安装的时候需要注意加上 --with-http_ssl_module，因为http_ssl_module不属于Nginx的基本模块。Nginx安装方法：# ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module# make && make install
二、生成证书(略)
可以使用openssl生成证书：可参考：比如生成如下两个证书文件（假设存放路径为/usr/local/nginx/cert/）：wangshibo.crtwangshibo.key三、修改Nginx配置
server { listen 443; server_name www.wangshibo.com; root /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/httpdocs/main/; ssl on; ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/cert/wangshibo.crt; ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/cert/wangshibo.key; ssl_session_timeout 5m; ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1; ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; //或者是ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; access_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/logs/clickstream_ssl.log main; error_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/logs/clickstream_error_ssl.log; if ($remote_addr !~ ^(124.165.97.144|133.110.186.128|133.110.186.88)) { //对访问的来源ip做白名单限制 rewrite ^.*$ /maintence.php last; } location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; #include fastcgi_params; include fastcgi.conf; }} =======================http访问强制跳转到https===================
网站添加了https证书后，当http方式访问网站时就会报404错误，所以需要做http到https的强制跳转设置.一、采用nginx的rewrite方法
1) 下面是将所有的http请求通过rewrite重写到https上。 例如将所有的dev.wangshibo.com域名的http访问强制跳转到https。 下面配置均可以实现：配置1：server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log; rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent; //这是ngixn早前的写法，现在还可以使用。 location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080; index index.html index.php index.htm; } }================================================================上面的跳转配置rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent; 也可以改为下面rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com/$1 permanent;或者rewrite ^ http://dev.wangshibo.com$request_uri? permanent;================================================================配置2：server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log; return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri; //这是nginx最新支持的写法 location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080; index index.html index.php index.htm; } }配置3：这种方式适用于多域名的时候，即访问wangshibo.com的http也会强制跳转到https://dev.wangshibo.com上面server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log; if ($host ~* "^wangshibo.com$") { rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://dev.wangshibo.com/ permanent; } location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080; index index.html index.php index.htm; } }配置4：下面是最简单的一种配置server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log; if ($host = "dev.wangshibo.com") { rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com permanent; } location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080; index index.html index.php index.htm; } } 二、采用nginx的497状态码
497 - normal request was sent to HTTPS 解释：当网站只允许https访问时，当用http访问时nginx会报出497错误码 思路：利用error_page命令将497状态码的链接重定向到https://dev.wangshibo.com这个域名上配置实例：如下访问dev.wangshibo.com或者wangshibo.com的http都会被强制跳转到httpsserver { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log; error_page 497 https://$host$uri?$args; location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080; index index.html index.php index.htm; } }也可以将80和443的配置放在一起：server { listen 127.0.0.1:443; #ssl端口 listen 127.0.0.1:80; #用户习惯用http访问，加上80，后面通过497状态码让它自动跳到443端口 server_name dev.wangshibo.com; #为一个server{......}开启ssl支持 ssl on; #指定PEM格式的证书文件 ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/wangshibo.pem; #指定PEM格式的私钥文件 ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/wangshibo.key; #让http请求重定向到https请求 error_page 497 https://$host$uri?$args; location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080; index index.html index.php index.htm; } } 三、利用meta的刷新作用将http跳转到https
上述的方法均会耗费服务器的资源，可以借鉴百度使用的方法：巧妙的利用meta的刷新作用，将http跳转到https可以基于http://dev.wangshibo.com的虚拟主机路径下写一个index.html，内容就是http向https的跳转将下面的内容追加到index.html首页文件内[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/www/html/8080/index.html [root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/test.confserver { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log; #将404的页面重定向到https的首页 error_page 404 https://dev.wangshibo.com/; location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080; index index.html index.php index.htm; } } =======================================================================
下面是nginx反代tomcat，并且http强制跳转至https。访问http://zrx.wangshibo.com和访问http://172.29.34.33:8080/zrx/结果是一样的[root@BJLX_34_33_V vhosts]# cat zrx.conf server { listen 80; server_name zrx.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log logs/access.log; error_log logs/error.log; return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri; location ~ / { root /data/nginx/html; index index.html index.php index.htm; } }[root@BJLX_34_33_V vhosts]# cat ssl-zrx.conf upstream tomcat8 { server 172.29.34.33:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;}server { listen 443; server_name zrx.wangshibo.com; ssl on; ### SSL log files ### access_log logs/ssl-access.log; error_log logs/ssl-error.log; ### SSL cert files ### ssl_certificate ssl/wangshibo.cer; ssl_certificate_key ssl/wangshibo.key; ssl_session_timeout 5m; location / { proxy_pass http://tomcat8/zrx/; proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https; proxy_redirect off; }} 四、通过proxy_redirec方式
解决办法：# re-write redirects to http as to https, example: /homeproxy_redirect http:// https://;